ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To analyse the metabolic changes in urine of rats with brodifacoum intoxication, and to reveal the molecular mechanism of brodifacoum-induced toxicity on rats.@*METHODS@#By establishing a brodifacoum poisoning rats model, the urine metabolic profiling data of rats were acquired using high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF-MS）. The orthogonal partial least squares analysis-discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） was applied for the multivariate statistics and the discovery of differential metabolites closely related to toxicity of brodifacoum.@*RESULTS@#OPLS-DA score plot showed that the urinary metabolic at different time points before and after drug administration had good similarity within time period and presented clustering phenomenon. Comparing the urine samples of rats before drug administration with which after drug administration, twenty-two metabolites related to brodifacoum-induced toxicity were selected.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The toxic effect of brodifacoum worked by disturbing the metabolic pathways in rats such as tricarboxylic cycle, glycolysis, sphingolipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism, and the toxicity of brodifacoum is characterized of accumulation effect. The metabonomic method based on urine HPLC-TOF-MS can provide a novel insight into the study on molecular mechanism of brodifacoum-induced toxicity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , 4-Hydroxycoumarins/toxicity , Biomarkers/urine , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Mass Spectrometry , Metabolomics/methods , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
Susceptibility levels of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, Rattus rattus to bromadiolone anticoagulant rodenticide by bioassay and biochemical methods were studied. Animals were trapped from Giza and Qualyobia Governorates in which the anticoagulant rodenticides were used to control rodents for long periods. Complete mortality was obtained for both species and sexes within standard no-choice feeding test period [4 days] indicating bromadiolone susceptibility. Treatment of rats with LD50 showed high prothrombin times which also indicate the susceptibility of the tested animals. In treated rats, bromadiolone caused significant decrease in the total erythrocytic counts and increase in the total leucocytic counts. In survivors, RBCs, WBCs approximately reached the control levels at day 43 post treatment. Also, treatment decreased neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes but increased the lymphocytes in dead and survived animals more than in controls
Subject(s)
4-Hydroxycoumarins/toxicity , Anticoagulants , Rodentia , Prothrombin Time/methodsABSTRACT
Secondary toxcity of difethialone to Barn owl (Tyto alba) has been investigated. Difethialone was fed to owls for successive periods of 1 (phase 1), 3 (phase 2) and 6 (phase 3) days via-rodenticide dosed rats. The owls survived after the treament of rodenticide on phase 1 and phase 2 experiments but they died during phase 3 experiment. The results suggest that the difethialone could cause more secondary toxicity to owls.
Subject(s)
4-Hydroxycoumarins/toxicity , Animals , Anticoagulants/toxicity , Female , Muridae , Rodenticides/toxicity , StrigiformesABSTRACT
The single dose anticoagulant rodenticide, bromadiolone (0.005%) and the acute rodenticide, zinc phosphide (2%) were evaluated in the paddy fields during Samba and Thaladi seasons for two crop stages, viz. 20 and 40 days after transplantation. Three baiting methods namely, burrow, station and burrow+station were adopted for both rodenticides. Both the rodenticides were exposed for one and two days in the partitioned plots. In the plots with 20 days after transplantation, the two day exposure of both rodenticides in burrow+station baitings during both seasons cleared cent percent rodent population. The cost-benefit ratio of the employed rodenticides favoured zinc phosphide than bromadiolone. Thus, zinc phosphide is deemed to be an economic rodenticide than bromadiolone and it can be suggested for the control of rodent population with two day exposure by burrow+station baiting methods preferably 20 days after transplanted paddy fields in both seasons.